Ch. 73.viii.5 (705: vol. lxix, foll. 45-6, and vol. liii, fol. 11; 30 x 25 + 30 x
53 + 30 x 25 cm.; discoloured and fragmentary; ll. 15 + 31 + 15 of excellent dbu can script; paragraphs separated by /'s and : : in red).
This document consists of a series of paragraphs having the form –
[note 1: This part in red ink. [note Bam Stag zigs
gyi khram tshan la//Dga' ldan 'byung gnas gyi gtsug lag khang gyi yon bdag Bam
Stag gi rkya /Dga' ldan gnas gyi gzhal yas pa'i gtsug lag khang gyi yon bdag Leng
ho Si'u lang gyi rkya
"Khram account of Bam Stag zigs. Crop of Bam
Stag, patron of the Dga' ldan 'byung
gnas monastery. Crop of Leng ho Si'u
lang, patron of the Dga' ldan gnas kyi gzhal
yas monastery."
The document again is therefore simply a systematically arranged list of
monasteries receiving as income the crops of certain farms, with the names of the
owners or occupants of the farms, who are styled yon bdag (dana-pati"donors" or "patrons"). Though we have only a
fragment, the number of establishments, many of which may have been small, is
sufficient to remind us of the fact that Sha cu
was the place of the "Thousand Buddhas"; and the system, though
perhaps the produce only, and not also the ownership, of estates, belonged to the
monasteries, is agreeably analogous to the holdings of the Tibetan Buddhist church
and of the endowments of religion and learning in mediaeval Europe.
The names of the religious establishments, which are grouped under the several
accounts according to their initial syllables, may conveniently be reproduced in the
same manner: -
[ll. 1-5] (Title account missing.)
Dri myed… monastery;
Dri myed ya rnam dag
monastery;
Dri myed dngos grub
monastery;
Dri myed ting nge 'dzin
monastery;
Dri myed rgyas pa monastery;
Dri myed don dam monastery;
[ll. 6-12] Account (tshan) of Klu sbe'i bsgye'u rje gye se 'Pyan legs: -
Khram account (khram
tshan) of Cang Lha legs: -
[Rnam] dag dga' ldan
monastery;
Rnam dga' bo monastery;
Rnam dag yon tan monastery;
Rnam dag pad mo monastery;
Rnam dag don grub monastery;
Rnam dag rin chen monastery;
Rnam dag don mdzad monastery;
Rnam dag snang mdzad
monastery;
Rnam dag byams pa monastery;
Rnam dag mtha' yas monastery;
[ll. 13-B l. 6] Khram account of Bam Stag zigs: -
Dga' ldan 'byung gnas
monastery;
Dga' ldan gnas kyi gzhal nas
monastery;
Dga' ldan pad mo monastery;
Dga' ldan sprul pa monastery;
Dga' ldan myi g.yo'
monastery;
Dga' ldan mtha' yas
monastery;
Dga' ldan rgyal ba monastery;
Dga' ldan dri myed monastery;
Dga' ldan byams pa monastery;
Dga' ldan rdo rje monastery;
[B ll. 6-12] Khram account of Cang Si ka: -
Rin chen 'od 'phro monastery;
Rin chen 'bar ba monastery;
Rin chen rnal 'byor
monastery;
Rin chen bla myed monastery;
Rin chen bsam yas monastery;
Rin chen dus gsum monastery;
Rin chen don dam monastery;
Rin chen dka' thub monastery;
Rin chen 'od khyab monastery;
Rin chen chos grags
monastery;
[B ll. 13-20] Khram account of Li Se'u lang: -
Chos grags bsam yas
monastery;
Chos grags bkra shis
monastery;
Chos grags g.yung 'drung
monastery;
Chos grags dga' ldan
monastery;
Chos grags gzi brjid
monastery;
Chos grags rgyas pa
monastery;
Chos grags don mdzad
monastery;
Chos grags myi g.yo
monastery;
Chos grags legs ldan
monastery;
[B ll. 20-27] Khram account of Leng ho Zun zun: -
G.yung 'drung yang dag
monastery;
G.yung 'drung dam pa
monastery;
G.yung 'drung don dam
monastery;
G.yung 'drung rdzu 'phrul
monastery;
G.yung 'drung mnyam nyid
monastery;
G.yung 'drung byams pa
monastery;
G.yung 'drung bla myed
monastery;
G.yung 'drung dge rtags
monastery;
G.yung 'drung yid bzhin
monastery;
[B ll. 27-31]. Khram account of Wang Stagu: -
Don dam rnal 'byor monastery;
Don dam bla myed monastery;
Don dam byams pa monastery;
Don dam rdzu 'phrul
monastery;
Don dam mnyam nyid monastery;
Don dam myi g.yo' monastery;
[C ll. 1-2]. (Title of account missing.)
Dbang mchog rnal 'byor
monastery;
[C ll. 2-9] Khram account of Cang Ka dzo: -
Bsam yas dus gsum monastery;
Bsam yas myi g.yo monastery;
Bsam yas rnal 'byor
monastery;
Bsam yas rin chen monastery;
Bsam yas btang snyoms
monastery;
Bsam yas mchog monastery;
Bsam yas yon tan monastery;
[C ll. 9-15] Khram account of Cang 'Phan legs: -
Khams gsum grags pa
monastery;
Khams gsum bla myed
monastery;
Khams gsum rgyal ba
monastery;
Khams gsum mchog monastery;
Khams gsum zhi ba monastery;
Khams gsum 'ph…… monastery;
Khams gsum don mdzad
monastery;
Khams gsum g.yung drung
monastery;
The names of these monasteries exhibit, as will be seen, a certain sameness. They
consist for the most part of combinations of well-known Buddhist or Indian phrases,
such as dri med (= amala, nirmala), rnam dag (= viśuddha),
dga' ldan (= tuṣita), rin
chen (= ratna), chos grags (= dharma-kīrti), g.yung 'drung (= svastika), don dam (= paramārtha), bsam yas (= acintya), khams gsum (= tri loka),
bla med (= anuttara), byams pa (= Maitreya), dngos grub
(= siddhi). They are all Tibetan, but may represent Sanskrit
or Chinese originals.
It remains to justify the translation of tshan, which has
occurred already several times (p. 40: Ch.83.vi.5, IOL Tib J 1383, p. 42: Ch.80.v.1,
IOL Tib J 844, p. 83: Ch,73.xv.5, IOL Tib J 1359), by "account"
and to explain the phrase "khram""account".
Tshan cannot have the common senses of "class",
"group", "a number of", or of "mark", "name" (mtshan), or of "office". The sense of "account" (cf. yig tshang) fits the occurrences. For khram
(going back to khra ma"register", etc.?) we may cite khram kha"chart used in witchcraft", "cross marks cut into a
piece of wood", and khram shing"board on which the body of a culprit is stretched to flog him on the
back". Remembering to numerous wooden sticks with combinations of lines and
frequently with names amounts, we can hardly hesitate to recognize in the khram tshan these same tallies, such as were frequent in England
down to the seventeenth century. [note 2: In the business, for
instance, of the East India Company, as may be seen from the specimens exhibited
in the India Office Library.] On two of these tallies the words tshan and khram in fact occur (cf. p. 184:
M.Tagh.a.iv.0022, IOL Tib N 1643): -
(a) M.I.xxviii.8 (IOL Tib N 918): -
[1]'Phan cung dog tshan gyi bul…
[2]To rtson gis phul ba'…
(b) M.I.xiv.131.a (IOL Tib N 717): -
[1]ra3/dre dgu/ra ma
[2]@/Mon Rtses ra lug khram/
[3]lug ma mo